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Les Archives Nationales ouvrent une plateforme collaborative pour l’édition numérique des testaments de guerre des Poilus

Nine Boutin

il y a 8 ans

Temps de lecture : 3 min

Les Archives Nationales ont ouvert le 30 janvier 2018 une plateforme collaborative oà¹ les citoyens volontaires peuvent transcrire des testaments écrits par les Poilus pendant la Première guerre mondiale. Le projet, « €¯Testaments de Poilus €¯ » vise à produire une édition électronique d’un millier de testaments des Poilus de la Première Guerre mondiale.

Le projet « Testaments de Poilus » fait appel à des internautes bénévoles pour transcrire et enrichir le texte des testaments laissés par les soldats. Les documents étudiés proviennent du fond des archives notariales des Archives départementales des Yvelines.

Une plateforme de crowdsourcing ouverte à tous

Le dépouillement des testaments a été réalisé par des bénévoles et a permis l’identification de ces testaments, dans les archives récemment ouvertes à la consultation. Les testaments ont ensuite été numérisées et sont désormais disponibles en ligne. Les internautes sont maintenant invités à transcrire le texte des testaments en déchiffrant les dernières volontés des Poilus. Les transcriptions sont accessibles dans deux versions: l’une qui respecte l’orthographe et la mise en page d’origine, l’autre qui en propose une version corrigée, adaptée à la lecture sur écran et enrichie d’informations spécifiques (dates, lieux, unités militaires).

Les testaments sont souvent composés de plusieurs pages et accompagnés d’enveloppes. La transcription est réalisée page après page, des étiquettes indiquent à chaque fois l’état de la transcription d’une page : en cours, à faire, faite. Les connaissances des bénévoles sont également sollicitées pour enrichir ces notices, notamment au sujet des régiments et des lieux de bataille.

Cette initiative de crowdsourcing vise à rassembler ces informations et à faire vivre la mémoire des soldats morts pour la France dans le cadre des commémorations du Centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale.

Cette expérience innovante de médiation numérique et de crowdsourcing aboutira en 2019 à la mise en ligne d’une édition numérique comprenant plus de 1 000 testaments et créditant individuellement ceux qui y ont contribué.

Un travail de collaboration

Le raccourcissement des délais de communication des archives de 100 à 75 ans, à la suite de la loi de 2008, a permis l’accès aux archives notariales de la Grande Guerre, jusque-là inaccessibles aux historiens.

L’équipe du projet s’est constituée en 2016, dans le cadre des collaborations entre institutions de conservation du patrimoine et de laboratoires universitaires.

L’à‰cole des Chartes et les Archives nationales ont proposé l’édition numérique des 134 testaments, ainsi que des recherches participative menées autours de la guerre de 14-18 aux Archives départementales des Yvelines.

Le projet a également bénéficié du soutien scientifique, technique et administratif de deux laboratoires de l’Université de Cergy-Pontoise, AGORA et ETIS. Le Master Archives de l’Université Paris 8 et le Master 2 Technologies numériques appliquées à l’histoire de l’Ecole des chartes y associent leurs enseignants et leurs étudiants dans le cadre de la formation à l’encodage xml/TEI.

Ce projet est également inscrit au programme scientifique, culturel et éducatif des Archives nationales. Il concerne également les testaments des Morts pour la France conservés au Minutier central des notaires de Paris.

Sources: Archives Nationales, Testaments de Poilus, La Croix

Date de première publication: 27/02/2018